Block #2,805,886

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/23/2018, 2:59:17 AM · Difficulty 11.6704 · 4,037,239 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8ff0b16da356ae849d4def820d21060f57257c8f2a5b6c32622a78ee7a0eded9

Height

#2,805,886

Difficulty

11.670430

Transactions

17

Size

6.06 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baba150

Nonce

368,888,170

Timestamp

8/23/2018, 2:59:17 AM

Confirmations

4,037,239

Merkle Root

a005bbc3109c94d7a1aa0976f8689688c0017fb3bf236ce748eb897a91c05a0f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.296 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
72962994118089274424…76902764612636497919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.296 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
72962994118089274424…76902764612636497919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.296 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
72962994118089274424…76902764612636497921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.459 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14592598823617854884…53805529225272995839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.459 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14592598823617854884…53805529225272995841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.918 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
29185197647235709769…07611058450545991679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.918 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
29185197647235709769…07611058450545991681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.837 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
58370395294471419539…15222116901091983359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.837 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
58370395294471419539…15222116901091983361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.167 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11674079058894283907…30444233802183966719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.167 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11674079058894283907…30444233802183966721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.334 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23348158117788567815…60888467604367933439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,989,366 XPM·at block #6,843,124 · updates every 60s
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