Block #2,805,790

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/23/2018, 1:42:05 AM · Difficulty 11.6692 · 4,039,529 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
1eb3f6330f3caf32bc2cfeda17f442729daf3c28830063ff974e8723a3b505fd

Height

#2,805,790

Difficulty

11.669180

Transactions

10

Size

2.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bab4f64

Nonce

1,569,052,757

Timestamp

8/23/2018, 1:42:05 AM

Confirmations

4,039,529

Merkle Root

66cc3be8b2276af22a03bbea18be4045caedb9db85e2f1c5ba7970cf9acd1dd9
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.367 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13675166934951560989…07288266341293670399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.367 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13675166934951560989…07288266341293670399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.367 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13675166934951560989…07288266341293670401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.735 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27350333869903121979…14576532682587340799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.735 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27350333869903121979…14576532682587340801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.470 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54700667739806243959…29153065365174681599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.470 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
54700667739806243959…29153065365174681601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.094 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10940133547961248791…58306130730349363199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.094 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10940133547961248791…58306130730349363201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.188 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21880267095922497583…16612261460698726399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.188 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21880267095922497583…16612261460698726401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.376 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
43760534191844995167…33224522921397452799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,006,990 XPM·at block #6,845,318 · updates every 60s
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