Block #2,805,452

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/22/2018, 8:22:25 PM · Difficulty 11.6682 · 4,037,296 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ac65f881b6046ecc9b00cb72d06550e79cd4a7cc0b210d95f93397d9c7385eb8

Height

#2,805,452

Difficulty

11.668217

Transactions

48

Size

13.43 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bab1045

Nonce

42,903,742

Timestamp

8/22/2018, 8:22:25 PM

Confirmations

4,037,296

Merkle Root

168a33a166c3900a27c741a0b67e6b5e5d4be553db4a48c6a7351d638a60fffe
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.050 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30506964592485571458…55630077352050687999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.050 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30506964592485571458…55630077352050687999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.050 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
30506964592485571458…55630077352050688001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61013929184971142916…11260154704101375999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
61013929184971142916…11260154704101376001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.220 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12202785836994228583…22520309408202751999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.220 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12202785836994228583…22520309408202752001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.440 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24405571673988457166…45040618816405503999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.440 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24405571673988457166…45040618816405504001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.881 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48811143347976914333…90081237632811007999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.881 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
48811143347976914333…90081237632811008001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.762 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
97622286695953828666…80162475265622015999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,986,321 XPM·at block #6,842,747 · updates every 60s
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