Block #2,805,152

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/22/2018, 3:52:18 PM · Difficulty 11.6660 · 4,033,136 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
75802038358c1d16f957f2bd45068cf6798199c8a4ebe8dc92802ba6dfb9fcbd

Height

#2,805,152

Difficulty

11.666014

Transactions

36

Size

8.37 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baa7fdf

Nonce

550,963,887

Timestamp

8/22/2018, 3:52:18 PM

Confirmations

4,033,136

Merkle Root

5081fd5233df2517c0473eace5e48083373fe0b3365ba6fa94f76196dbab3308
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.671 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36712692076360846814…11144599446734939999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.671 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36712692076360846814…11144599446734939999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.671 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
36712692076360846814…11144599446734940001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.342 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73425384152721693629…22289198893469879999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.342 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
73425384152721693629…22289198893469880001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.468 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14685076830544338725…44578397786939759999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.468 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
14685076830544338725…44578397786939760001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.937 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29370153661088677451…89156795573879519999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.937 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
29370153661088677451…89156795573879520001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.874 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58740307322177354903…78313591147759039999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.874 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
58740307322177354903…78313591147759040001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.174 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11748061464435470980…56627182295518079999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,950,585 XPM·at block #6,838,287 · updates every 60s
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