Block #2,801,895

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/20/2018, 8:29:17 AM · Difficulty 11.6703 · 4,035,648 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
298e23425adf780d9028a73dd831f4d96a489bba4f8725d68b03b21c3162081f

Height

#2,801,895

Difficulty

11.670305

Transactions

35

Size

9.79 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bab9921

Nonce

552,434,686

Timestamp

8/20/2018, 8:29:17 AM

Confirmations

4,035,648

Merkle Root

a36f71aa45f72af3eafed731545c25455fa02f08f86025fd76e77a592ea5f0be
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.234 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12344261225519116128…86126030949829836799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.234 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12344261225519116128…86126030949829836799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.234 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12344261225519116128…86126030949829836801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.468 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24688522451038232256…72252061899659673599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.468 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
24688522451038232256…72252061899659673601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.937 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49377044902076464512…44504123799319347199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.937 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
49377044902076464512…44504123799319347201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.875 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
98754089804152929024…89008247598638694399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.875 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
98754089804152929024…89008247598638694401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.975 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19750817960830585804…78016495197277388799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.975 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
19750817960830585804…78016495197277388801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.950 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
39501635921661171609…56032990394554777599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,944,671 XPM·at block #6,837,542 · updates every 60s
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