Block #2,800,698

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/19/2018, 12:12:46 PM · Difficulty 11.6715 · 4,040,986 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
46cfa18e9a2bdf29cf20c74172c933d127cc4ffb083484b9aac92d0735cd3964

Height

#2,800,698

Difficulty

11.671460

Transactions

15

Size

4.16 KB

Version

2

Bits

0babe4ce

Nonce

998,848,185

Timestamp

8/19/2018, 12:12:46 PM

Confirmations

4,040,986

Merkle Root

7419f18a553a326eb05db6661473e563d971516b34489d18b10e8fbcd48e9c7a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.524 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25247657877525325433…40477822592506470399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.524 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25247657877525325433…40477822592506470399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.524 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25247657877525325433…40477822592506470401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.049 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50495315755050650866…80955645185012940799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.049 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50495315755050650866…80955645185012940801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.009 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10099063151010130173…61911290370025881599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.009 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10099063151010130173…61911290370025881601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.019 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20198126302020260346…23822580740051763199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.019 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
20198126302020260346…23822580740051763201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.039 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40396252604040520693…47645161480103526399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.039 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
40396252604040520693…47645161480103526401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.079 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
80792505208081041386…95290322960207052799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,977,861 XPM·at block #6,841,683 · updates every 60s
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