Block #2,796,473

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/16/2018, 11:36:01 AM · Difficulty 11.6798 · 4,048,431 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
6c53c666bbe3cd368e761c644105c002c52b4df0d583c23c628fc9e6f1b7f5cc

Height

#2,796,473

Difficulty

11.679782

Transactions

21

Size

6.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bae0636

Nonce

1,910,870,811

Timestamp

8/16/2018, 11:36:01 AM

Confirmations

4,048,431

Merkle Root

19b521127623baa7e48ae2de744b77ec645683c33a17fef3bc21aab1573de7d2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.440 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24400496190315475923…50055484194513862879
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.440 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24400496190315475923…50055484194513862879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.440 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
24400496190315475923…50055484194513862881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.880 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48800992380630951846…00110968389027725759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.880 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
48800992380630951846…00110968389027725761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.760 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97601984761261903693…00221936778055451519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.760 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
97601984761261903693…00221936778055451521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.952 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19520396952252380738…00443873556110903039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.952 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
19520396952252380738…00443873556110903041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39040793904504761477…00887747112221806079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.904 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39040793904504761477…00887747112221806081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.808 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78081587809009522954…01775494224443612159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,003,646 XPM·at block #6,844,903 · updates every 60s
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