Block #2,796,119

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/16/2018, 5:05:33 AM · Difficulty 11.6821 · 4,030,255 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
85f4df410370fff99356776c98c65f99a1187ec368b374adb9610b788ef43a59

Height

#2,796,119

Difficulty

11.682119

Transactions

31

Size

8.35 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bae9f62

Nonce

1,835,879,075

Timestamp

8/16/2018, 5:05:33 AM

Confirmations

4,030,255

Merkle Root

872e4e1f585c197f500aec0c909528c420763812712ef5a0175725c998f979b8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.887 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
98876172023253009687…80794341929746636799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.887 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
98876172023253009687…80794341929746636799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.887 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
98876172023253009687…80794341929746636801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.977 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19775234404650601937…61588683859493273599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.977 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
19775234404650601937…61588683859493273601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.955 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39550468809301203874…23177367718986547199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.955 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
39550468809301203874…23177367718986547201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.910 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
79100937618602407749…46354735437973094399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.910 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
79100937618602407749…46354735437973094401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.582 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15820187523720481549…92709470875946188799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.582 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
15820187523720481549…92709470875946188801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.164 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
31640375047440963099…85418941751892377599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,855,137 XPM·at block #6,826,373 · updates every 60s
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