Block #2,795,554

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/15/2018, 8:13:16 PM · Difficulty 11.6800 · 4,042,992 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
331c36a8298beb9999eb49c2f81712f60de89d312e538e6605e296622bd87c5d

Height

#2,795,554

Difficulty

11.679989

Transactions

10

Size

3.75 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bae13bc

Nonce

2,068,497,897

Timestamp

8/15/2018, 8:13:16 PM

Confirmations

4,042,992

Merkle Root

adfa7d65fb83a6861183112ba483a1b1c32e414e7e5470ebb03ffe61bdcfa5a4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.451 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34512566300160428784…32073535033580584959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.451 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34512566300160428784…32073535033580584959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.451 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
34512566300160428784…32073535033580584961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.902 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69025132600320857568…64147070067161169919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.902 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
69025132600320857568…64147070067161169921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13805026520064171513…28294140134322339839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.380 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13805026520064171513…28294140134322339841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.761 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27610053040128343027…56588280268644679679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.761 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
27610053040128343027…56588280268644679681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.522 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55220106080256686055…13176560537289359359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.522 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
55220106080256686055…13176560537289359361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.104 × 10¹⁰⁰(101-digit number)
11044021216051337211…26353121074578718719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,952,650 XPM·at block #6,838,545 · updates every 60s
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