Block #2,794,932

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/15/2018, 10:22:28 AM · Difficulty 11.6780 · 4,047,561 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
12f0b04ab364395625689206e81e908b2fef693f8e4162ffef62d3b04c9d95d5

Height

#2,794,932

Difficulty

11.678036

Transactions

30

Size

8.10 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bad93c4

Nonce

1,781,218,571

Timestamp

8/15/2018, 10:22:28 AM

Confirmations

4,047,561

Merkle Root

4d884d2459a2e227ceae3f0eba4326aa69080e2d1050bccb6f666ab6b9c7bde2
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.181 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31811276561248052939…32410194684631435839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.181 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31811276561248052939…32410194684631435839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.181 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
31811276561248052939…32410194684631435841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.362 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63622553122496105879…64820389369262871679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.362 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
63622553122496105879…64820389369262871681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12724510624499221175…29640778738525743359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.272 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
12724510624499221175…29640778738525743361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.544 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25449021248998442351…59281557477051486719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.544 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
25449021248998442351…59281557477051486721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.089 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50898042497996884703…18563114954102973439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.089 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
50898042497996884703…18563114954102973441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.017 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
10179608499599376940…37126229908205946879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,984,362 XPM·at block #6,842,492 · updates every 60s
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