Block #2,794,693

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/15/2018, 6:03:27 AM · Difficulty 11.6792 · 4,049,295 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0b056e2833d8746b63ef5f922906f28ea15f5f7585425d3edb603455b186f713

Height

#2,794,693

Difficulty

11.679227

Transactions

11

Size

3.67 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bade1d3

Nonce

721,029,486

Timestamp

8/15/2018, 6:03:27 AM

Confirmations

4,049,295

Merkle Root

0845c9786262c05d0efa00dbf1933c45bce4e4c3bba262b895ea48400e8be427
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91109861726012147296…05771824468680200319
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91109861726012147296…05771824468680200319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
91109861726012147296…05771824468680200321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.822 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18221972345202429459…11543648937360400639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.822 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18221972345202429459…11543648937360400641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.644 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36443944690404858918…23087297874720801279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.644 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36443944690404858918…23087297874720801281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.288 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72887889380809717836…46174595749441602559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.288 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72887889380809717836…46174595749441602561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.457 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14577577876161943567…92349191498883205119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.457 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14577577876161943567…92349191498883205121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.915 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
29155155752323887134…84698382997766410239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,996,284 XPM·at block #6,843,987 · updates every 60s
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