Block #2,793,824

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/14/2018, 4:38:23 PM · Difficulty 11.6752 · 4,051,567 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ec2beeb502d838c2f0820fb5647bfd93016622fb49a21bbef397c891f289fd4b

Height

#2,793,824

Difficulty

11.675151

Transactions

17

Size

5.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bacd6ab

Nonce

139,591,064

Timestamp

8/14/2018, 4:38:23 PM

Confirmations

4,051,567

Merkle Root

6dec5501dd7ce4d6f3a4146c2514e22c87906da1ed0f9315e3cd9d398d6eb91e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.974 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39740550074955746104…98934526862663464959
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.974 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39740550074955746104…98934526862663464959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.974 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
39740550074955746104…98934526862663464961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
7.948 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79481100149911492209…97869053725326929919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
7.948 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
79481100149911492209…97869053725326929921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.589 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15896220029982298441…95738107450653859839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.589 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15896220029982298441…95738107450653859841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.179 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31792440059964596883…91476214901307719679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.179 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31792440059964596883…91476214901307719681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.358 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63584880119929193767…82952429802615439359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.358 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
63584880119929193767…82952429802615439361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.271 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12716976023985838753…65904859605230878719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,007,574 XPM·at block #6,845,390 · updates every 60s
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