Block #2,793,372

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/14/2018, 8:40:59 AM · Difficulty 11.6769 · 4,049,525 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4ba0af2cbfeeb1ded51a3fcd4dbfd2a922f97ab34f2b05836a3120bf1ba79b50

Height

#2,793,372

Difficulty

11.676852

Transactions

25

Size

7.78 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bad4633

Nonce

2,137,319,473

Timestamp

8/14/2018, 8:40:59 AM

Confirmations

4,049,525

Merkle Root

7324945706d48319e52bbf188135668d2637fd5b12fa2a3eeef91c8c57a52246
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.112 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11121374319574890606…65384985494113250639
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.112 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11121374319574890606…65384985494113250639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.112 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11121374319574890606…65384985494113250641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.224 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22242748639149781213…30769970988226501279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.224 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22242748639149781213…30769970988226501281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.448 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
44485497278299562426…61539941976453002559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.448 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
44485497278299562426…61539941976453002561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.897 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
88970994556599124853…23079883952906005119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.897 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
88970994556599124853…23079883952906005121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.779 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17794198911319824970…46159767905812010239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.779 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
17794198911319824970…46159767905812010241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.558 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
35588397822639649941…92319535811624020479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,987,524 XPM·at block #6,842,896 · updates every 60s
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