Block #2,793,071

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/14/2018, 3:08:56 AM · Difficulty 11.6787 · 4,048,351 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ec7ad82d4189387490017a7f9e57ec93177cbb9b0e68ad73c6ce2acaeacc0b04

Height

#2,793,071

Difficulty

11.678721

Transactions

22

Size

6.55 KB

Version

2

Bits

0badc0ae

Nonce

914,979,736

Timestamp

8/14/2018, 3:08:56 AM

Confirmations

4,048,351

Merkle Root

dbcfadefb6937ee531dee4f7a593d21f2ffc28d40f28bbfa4ff2fbe3a078961e
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.277 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52774122358765409261…51739660907291900479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.277 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52774122358765409261…51739660907291900479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.277 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52774122358765409261…51739660907291900481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.055 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10554824471753081852…03479321814583800959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.055 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10554824471753081852…03479321814583800961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21109648943506163704…06958643629167601919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.110 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21109648943506163704…06958643629167601921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.221 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42219297887012327409…13917287258335203839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.221 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42219297887012327409…13917287258335203841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.443 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
84438595774024654818…27834574516670407679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
8.443 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
84438595774024654818…27834574516670407681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.688 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16887719154804930963…55669149033340815359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,975,752 XPM·at block #6,841,421 · updates every 60s
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