Block #279,277

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/28/2013, 7:19:33 AM · Difficulty 9.9713 · 6,514,892 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
35d2dc2ada9b8d930f4da5eeec4d78307c3255061e97458fe310b9894a43a67b

Height

#279,277

Difficulty

9.971259

Transactions

10

Size

5.36 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f8a46e

Nonce

26,254

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 7:19:33 AM

Confirmations

6,514,892

Merkle Root

65932d677f32fd4507530981a96e44460540b0e39599899b3a27465c1f37bf6a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26841532018216894198…55967014976658675839
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26841532018216894198…55967014976658675839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.684 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26841532018216894198…55967014976658675841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53683064036433788396…11934029953317351679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.368 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
53683064036433788396…11934029953317351681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.073 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10736612807286757679…23868059906634703359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.073 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10736612807286757679…23868059906634703361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.147 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21473225614573515358…47736119813269406719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.147 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21473225614573515358…47736119813269406721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.294 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
42946451229147030717…95472239626538813439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,597,375 XPM·at block #6,794,168 · updates every 60s
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