Block #278,898

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/28/2013, 4:02:24 AM · Difficulty 9.9702 · 6,521,739 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
1df8f6ee07ed18c11f4c1c8837544b7896f888264c676eac3b9d86c5d9158c67

Height

#278,898

Difficulty

9.970189

Transactions

8

Size

1.86 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f85e4b

Nonce

165,435

Timestamp

11/28/2013, 4:02:24 AM

Confirmations

6,521,739

Merkle Root

33e6ad8442cae178187d8a114a64c4a676aac7a21542edce007f23e4fd048fcd
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.791 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17910837306563946499…22486223993723540481
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.791 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17910837306563946499…22486223993723540481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.582 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
35821674613127892998…44972447987447080961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
7.164 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
71643349226255785996…89944895974894161921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.432 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14328669845251157199…79889791949788323841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.865 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
28657339690502314398…59779583899576647681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.731 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
57314679381004628797…19559167799153295361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.146 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11462935876200925759…39118335598306590721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.292 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22925871752401851519…78236671196613181441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.585 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
45851743504803703038…56473342393226362881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
9.170 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
91703487009607406076…12946684786452725761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,649,161 XPM·at block #6,800,636 · updates every 60s
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