Block #2,788,167

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/10/2018, 6:44:56 PM · Difficulty 11.6735 · 4,010,012 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
f4087479f02b9a53013d5eb5d5619c6a1eb154ff0a5c4c2db6543e853d0a42c4

Height

#2,788,167

Difficulty

11.673550

Transactions

4

Size

1.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bac6dc4

Nonce

217,088,533

Timestamp

8/10/2018, 6:44:56 PM

Confirmations

4,010,012

Merkle Root

17a221ce31a1f586061344182aefc621359a3afc5039073928f88ead82beb988
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.043 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
70430886712820830811…48287001532190147201
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
7.043 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
70430886712820830811…48287001532190147201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.408 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
14086177342564166162…96574003064380294401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.817 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28172354685128332324…93148006128760588801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.634 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
56344709370256664649…86296012257521177601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.126 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11268941874051332929…72592024515042355201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.253 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
22537883748102665859…45184049030084710401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.507 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
45075767496205331719…90368098060169420801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
9.015 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
90151534992410663439…80736196120338841601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.803 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18030306998482132687…61472392240677683201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
3.606 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
36060613996964265375…22944784481355366401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
7.212 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
72121227993928530751…45889568962710732801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
1.442 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
14424245598785706150…91779137925421465601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,629,436 XPM·at block #6,798,178 · updates every 60s
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