Block #2,785,621

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/9/2018, 12:40:33 AM · Difficulty 11.6721 · 4,051,162 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f15a1fed7e378d929393e2d8b986f144dfd2c9cdcc1f768c4394c79f16da11bb

Height

#2,785,621

Difficulty

11.672087

Transactions

9

Size

47.66 KB

Version

2

Bits

0bac0ddd

Nonce

1,698,873,609

Timestamp

8/9/2018, 12:40:33 AM

Confirmations

4,051,162

Merkle Root

ba0600782454c6463e3be20bb3071cbbe529e4ed0af7324b6e160352c9a7b946
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.176 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11767934889156311942…44356458441660412799
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.176 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11767934889156311942…44356458441660412799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.176 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11767934889156311942…44356458441660412801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.353 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23535869778312623885…88712916883320825599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.353 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23535869778312623885…88712916883320825601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.707 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47071739556625247770…77425833766641651199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.707 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
47071739556625247770…77425833766641651201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.414 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
94143479113250495541…54851667533283302399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.414 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
94143479113250495541…54851667533283302401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.882 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18828695822650099108…09703335066566604799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.882 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
18828695822650099108…09703335066566604801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.765 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
37657391645300198216…19406670133133209599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,938,543 XPM·at block #6,836,782 · updates every 60s
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