Block #2,783,573

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/7/2018, 4:30:04 PM · Difficulty 11.6641 · 4,061,414 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
de970fc10b7507d46897127fda6d3a769af641a4ed677ac7c04b00fe7e7e3299

Height

#2,783,573

Difficulty

11.664118

Transactions

17

Size

7.02 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baa03a6

Nonce

2,135,242,240

Timestamp

8/7/2018, 4:30:04 PM

Confirmations

4,061,414

Merkle Root

ba316cc078958539addcd9125744a1ee8cedf83a572404abe9e4f3c0d2004150
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.575 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15753343410708259686…92820661437729516159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.575 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15753343410708259686…92820661437729516159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.575 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
15753343410708259686…92820661437729516161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.150 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31506686821416519373…85641322875459032319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.150 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
31506686821416519373…85641322875459032321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.301 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63013373642833038746…71282645750918064639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.301 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
63013373642833038746…71282645750918064641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.260 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12602674728566607749…42565291501836129279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.260 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12602674728566607749…42565291501836129281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.520 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25205349457133215498…85130583003672258559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.520 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
25205349457133215498…85130583003672258561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.041 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
50410698914266430996…70261166007344517119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,004,315 XPM·at block #6,844,986 · updates every 60s
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