Block #278,320

2CCLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/27/2013, 10:41:29 PM · Difficulty 9.9686 · 6,516,327 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
3219ed109056e7d44049fa04753e31a19a7c9cac4afce51dc7aaab9f1ef469af

Height

#278,320

Difficulty

9.968615

Transactions

5

Size

1.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f7f722

Nonce

17,992

Timestamp

11/27/2013, 10:41:29 PM

Confirmations

6,516,327

Merkle Root

0011d77f103f1c61a47e3ada77ff9534ee094f3f7498f6c5c1801b76d6d74df4
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.530 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
65305799600627853868…20087668610209430241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
6.530 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
65305799600627853868…20087668610209430241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
1.306 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13061159920125570773…40175337220418860481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
2.612 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
26122319840251141547…80350674440837720961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
5.224 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
52244639680502283095…60701348881675441921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
1.044 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
10448927936100456619…21402697763350883841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
2.089 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
20897855872200913238…42805395526701767681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
4.179 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
41795711744401826476…85610791053403535361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
8.359 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
83591423488803652952…71221582106807070721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.671 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
16718284697760730590…42443164213614141441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,601,224 XPM·at block #6,794,646 · updates every 60s
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