Block #2,780,092

2CCLength 12★★★★☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 8/5/2018, 9:55:16 AM · Difficulty 11.6501 · 4,063,495 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
d0edba04ab383d209b29e7811401446df01611d55633f9078d7fbe91b980c679

Height

#2,780,092

Difficulty

11.650114

Transactions

8

Size

3.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba66de3

Nonce

684,037,216

Timestamp

8/5/2018, 9:55:16 AM

Confirmations

4,063,495

Merkle Root

254f139a428a827e1c4af2cf284a06ce8551a98b658d7ae5a270f32d9e76d4dc
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.731 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17316529951468177920…62582091111807962561
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
1.731 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17316529951468177920…62582091111807962561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
3.463 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34633059902936355841…25164182223615925121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
6.926 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69266119805872711682…50328364447231850241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
1.385 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13853223961174542336…00656728894463700481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
2.770 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27706447922349084673…01313457788927400961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
5.541 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
55412895844698169346…02626915577854801921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
1.108 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11082579168939633869…05253831155709603841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
2.216 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22165158337879267738…10507662311419207681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
4.433 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44330316675758535476…21015324622838415361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
8.866 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
88660633351517070953…42030649245676830721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
11
2^10 × origin + 1
1.773 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17732126670303414190…84061298491353661441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
12
2^11 × origin + 1
3.546 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35464253340606828381…68122596982707322881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 12 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★★☆
Rarity
ExceptionalChain length 12

Around 1 in 10,000 blocks. A significant mathematical achievement.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,993,056 XPM·at block #6,843,586 · updates every 60s
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