Block #277,853

2CCLength 10★★☆☆☆

Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind · Discovered 11/27/2013, 6:00:34 PM · Difficulty 9.9674 · 6,514,957 confirmations

2CC
Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind

A sequence where each prime is double the previous prime minus one.

Block Header
Block Hash
86d63ef9bed00bd3836808307f08964f2acec335d8de1bba973ee85aab38a96c

Height

#277,853

Difficulty

9.967411

Transactions

3

Size

945 B

Version

2

Bits

09f7a83d

Nonce

925

Timestamp

11/27/2013, 6:00:34 PM

Confirmations

6,514,957

Merkle Root

f970031176e1cc47175eed83bd59ec414a3f45afc9ef24b94c9aa4a370f907f7
Transactions (3)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.235 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
42350263784725358454…09891107000128346241
Discovered Prime Numbers
p_k = 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

1
origin + 1
4.235 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
42350263784725358454…09891107000128346241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
2
2^1 × origin + 1
8.470 × 10⁹⁰(91-digit number)
84700527569450716909…19782214000256692481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
3
2^2 × origin + 1
1.694 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
16940105513890143381…39564428000513384961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
4
2^3 × origin + 1
3.388 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
33880211027780286763…79128856001026769921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
5
2^4 × origin + 1
6.776 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
67760422055560573527…58257712002053539841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
6
2^5 × origin + 1
1.355 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
13552084411112114705…16515424004107079681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
7
2^6 × origin + 1
2.710 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
27104168822224229410…33030848008214159361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
8
2^7 × origin + 1
5.420 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
54208337644448458821…66061696016428318721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
9
2^8 × origin + 1
1.084 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
10841667528889691764…32123392032856637441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
×2−1 →
10
2^9 × origin + 1
2.168 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
21683335057779383528…64246784065713274881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Cunningham Chain of the Second Kind. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the 2CC formula:

2CC: p₁ (first prime), p₂ = 2p₁ − 1, p₃ = 2p₂ − 1, …
Circulating Supply:57,586,465 XPM·at block #6,792,809 · updates every 60s
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