Block #2,777,294

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 8/3/2018, 9:35:16 AM · Difficulty 11.6572 · 4,067,982 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
06e9c8041e79122fdf150b3f7439d4435707984bcddf6a36da25064cfe1e78e0

Height

#2,777,294

Difficulty

11.657186

Transactions

29

Size

8.65 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba83d5c

Nonce

81,251,868

Timestamp

8/3/2018, 9:35:16 AM

Confirmations

4,067,982

Merkle Root

cff2c6db5693a18cad8fd4ed331c9417beb5318814c40f342f54dfa73527ae48
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.238 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22380202477584408135…62232354787744153599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.238 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22380202477584408135…62232354787744153599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.238 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22380202477584408135…62232354787744153601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.476 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44760404955168816270…24464709575488307199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.476 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44760404955168816270…24464709575488307201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.952 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89520809910337632540…48929419150976614399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.952 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
89520809910337632540…48929419150976614401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.790 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17904161982067526508…97858838301953228799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.790 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17904161982067526508…97858838301953228801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.580 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
35808323964135053016…95717676603906457599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.580 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
35808323964135053016…95717676603906457601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.161 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
71616647928270106032…91435353207812915199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,006,643 XPM·at block #6,845,275 · updates every 60s
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