Block #2,772,500

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/31/2018, 12:19:07 AM · Difficulty 11.6623 · 4,068,258 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
cb303a4abfeceb99689753b8a0c25f8ce411e423885b8bed0f224499e94be7a9

Height

#2,772,500

Difficulty

11.662321

Transactions

40

Size

11.48 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba98ddb

Nonce

659,016,184

Timestamp

7/31/2018, 12:19:07 AM

Confirmations

4,068,258

Merkle Root

550698a97a69ae37a0e5db5ef446e18b78a0055325233b5a05914ebd24cffa25
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.458 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24588944335108328717…69576960549045539199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.458 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24588944335108328717…69576960549045539199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.458 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
24588944335108328717…69576960549045539201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.917 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49177888670216657435…39153921098091078399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.917 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
49177888670216657435…39153921098091078401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.835 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
98355777340433314870…78307842196182156799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.835 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
98355777340433314870…78307842196182156801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.967 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19671155468086662974…56615684392364313599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.967 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19671155468086662974…56615684392364313601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.934 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39342310936173325948…13231368784728627199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.934 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39342310936173325948…13231368784728627201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.868 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
78684621872346651896…26462737569457254399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,970,405 XPM·at block #6,840,757 · updates every 60s
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