Block #2,771,817

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/30/2018, 1:13:46 PM · Difficulty 11.6611 · 4,067,192 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8e634db81fd2ddb391da46cb5b39e510861c835b49670f520870b207ee707865

Height

#2,771,817

Difficulty

11.661071

Transactions

13

Size

5.41 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba93bec

Nonce

263,680,473

Timestamp

7/30/2018, 1:13:46 PM

Confirmations

4,067,192

Merkle Root

f05c2afc675dd4539a7898acc5b680cbbe0d893893281c78164fc1a6144a1843
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11013718545527297166…93914117270769172479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11013718545527297166…93914117270769172479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.101 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
11013718545527297166…93914117270769172481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.202 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22027437091054594333…87828234541538344959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.202 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
22027437091054594333…87828234541538344961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.405 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44054874182109188667…75656469083076689919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.405 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
44054874182109188667…75656469083076689921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.810 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
88109748364218377334…51312938166153379839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.810 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
88109748364218377334…51312938166153379841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.762 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17621949672843675466…02625876332306759679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.762 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
17621949672843675466…02625876332306759681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.524 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
35243899345687350933…05251752664613519359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,956,338 XPM·at block #6,839,008 · updates every 60s
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