Block #2,771,753

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/30/2018, 12:09:12 PM · Difficulty 11.6611 · 4,070,240 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
aa9c2f28db8f567e4c9d01112e7e707cf36a8909bcb6ba363f342aec6a7cf1c1

Height

#2,771,753

Difficulty

11.661087

Transactions

8

Size

2.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba93d06

Nonce

255,705,666

Timestamp

7/30/2018, 12:09:12 PM

Confirmations

4,070,240

Merkle Root

bc08af1cefbe76869b870d8cf9f6879c8fcb157beaf3d6408fee2baca66fde35
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.082 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40825525345983640236…36109575508869201919
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.082 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40825525345983640236…36109575508869201919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.082 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
40825525345983640236…36109575508869201921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.165 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
81651050691967280472…72219151017738403839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.165 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
81651050691967280472…72219151017738403841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.633 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16330210138393456094…44438302035476807679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.633 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
16330210138393456094…44438302035476807681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.266 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
32660420276786912189…88876604070953615359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.266 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
32660420276786912189…88876604070953615361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.532 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
65320840553573824378…77753208141907230719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.532 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
65320840553573824378…77753208141907230721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
1.306 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
13064168110714764875…55506416283814461439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,980,331 XPM·at block #6,841,992 · updates every 60s
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