Block #276,598

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/27/2013, 6:08:16 AM · Difficulty 9.9637 · 6,528,637 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
02dd04e586198c0b26a272c6133fa44927cbcf7f50c8111eac13fa137884b476

Height

#276,598

Difficulty

9.963656

Transactions

9

Size

20.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f6b22f

Nonce

8,961

Timestamp

11/27/2013, 6:08:16 AM

Confirmations

6,528,637

Merkle Root

ce48395f4915b67b07795a934354e5373ba68ee678136fa2087ca06d7797d740
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.509 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25092465084918954752…60088945826666052999
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.509 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25092465084918954752…60088945826666052999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.509 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25092465084918954752…60088945826666053001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.018 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50184930169837909504…20177891653332105999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.018 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50184930169837909504…20177891653332106001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.003 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10036986033967581900…40355783306664211999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.003 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10036986033967581900…40355783306664212001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.007 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20073972067935163801…80711566613328423999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.007 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20073972067935163801…80711566613328424001
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.014 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40147944135870327603…61423133226656847999
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,685,954 XPM·at block #6,805,234 · updates every 60s
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