Block #2,765,713

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/26/2018, 6:04:07 AM · Difficulty 11.6667 · 4,079,431 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5cf27452c78369aa74313657de7b53824b85e6b399e51e36f6d00454cd30ec2d

Height

#2,765,713

Difficulty

11.666662

Transactions

50

Size

13.42 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baaaa5c

Nonce

12,920,544

Timestamp

7/26/2018, 6:04:07 AM

Confirmations

4,079,431

Merkle Root

218902997ea4e456343447d677ae611c6fe5da99140da0b7922456bb926c8103
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.065 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10654658630039618669…93684629766339860479
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.065 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10654658630039618669…93684629766339860479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.065 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10654658630039618669…93684629766339860481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21309317260079237339…87369259532679720959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.130 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
21309317260079237339…87369259532679720961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42618634520158474679…74738519065359441919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.261 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
42618634520158474679…74738519065359441921
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
8.523 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85237269040316949358…49477038130718883839
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
8.523 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
85237269040316949358…49477038130718883841
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.704 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17047453808063389871…98954076261437767679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.704 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
17047453808063389871…98954076261437767681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.409 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
34094907616126779743…97908152522875535359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,005,580 XPM·at block #6,845,143 · updates every 60s
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