Block #2,760,684

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/22/2018, 8:53:11 PM · Difficulty 11.6559 · 4,037,888 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
38a23594eb39d0b030c9cddaf968c807fb628b58809d814878772bc3856e4249

Height

#2,760,684

Difficulty

11.655932

Transactions

11

Size

3.08 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba7eb2e

Nonce

407,801,385

Timestamp

7/22/2018, 8:53:11 PM

Confirmations

4,037,888

Merkle Root

a6667e2b02e69ede8fb9e98229b5862ed5f9d8cd4bed6f3e92609b493ccb5341
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

9.966 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99668733538688856076…18929743870242393599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
9.966 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99668733538688856076…18929743870242393599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
9.966 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
99668733538688856076…18929743870242393601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.993 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19933746707737771215…37859487740484787199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.993 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
19933746707737771215…37859487740484787201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.986 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39867493415475542430…75718975480969574399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.986 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
39867493415475542430…75718975480969574401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
7.973 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
79734986830951084861…51437950961939148799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
7.973 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
79734986830951084861…51437950961939148801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.594 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15946997366190216972…02875901923878297599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.594 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15946997366190216972…02875901923878297601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.189 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31893994732380433944…05751803847756595199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,632,594 XPM·at block #6,798,571 · updates every 60s
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