Block #275,740

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 8:31:29 PM · Difficulty 9.9615 · 6,532,188 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
fda065fd5ee0607e2d0ba0dc6d6d2cb65df6e43d4c4ea00810f23aa548bee20e

Height

#275,740

Difficulty

9.961536

Transactions

14

Size

15.91 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f6273d

Nonce

21,216

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 8:31:29 PM

Confirmations

6,532,188

Merkle Root

d1ab43af24a12cf9604ff73d34c4aec62b263a08e2aa188018cfdd7587f92959
Transactions (14)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

5.211 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52110787967971191392…59242766009576973759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
5.211 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52110787967971191392…59242766009576973759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
5.211 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
52110787967971191392…59242766009576973761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.042 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10422157593594238278…18485532019153947519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.042 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
10422157593594238278…18485532019153947521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.084 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20844315187188476557…36971064038307895039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.084 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
20844315187188476557…36971064038307895041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
4.168 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41688630374376953114…73942128076615790079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
4.168 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
41688630374376953114…73942128076615790081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
8.337 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
83377260748753906228…47884256153231580159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,707,461 XPM·at block #6,807,927 · updates every 60s
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