Block #2,756,515

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/19/2018, 8:58:42 PM · Difficulty 11.6655 · 4,085,272 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
bf2781b186897e764f01f9df1940a5ba929c0fd098a3f34f6d751d05db1ee6c2

Height

#2,756,515

Difficulty

11.665467

Transactions

37

Size

10.20 KB

Version

2

Bits

0baa5c05

Nonce

76,356,483

Timestamp

7/19/2018, 8:58:42 PM

Confirmations

4,085,272

Merkle Root

8dd26fa345a84a836c5a4d919a392bdc9486f062aac27c055944f7cb015bfd7c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.665 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16650449763028106314…79923967392670458559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.665 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16650449763028106314…79923967392670458559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.665 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
16650449763028106314…79923967392670458561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.330 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33300899526056212628…59847934785340917119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.330 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
33300899526056212628…59847934785340917121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.660 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66601799052112425257…19695869570681834239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.660 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
66601799052112425257…19695869570681834241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.332 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13320359810422485051…39391739141363668479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.332 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13320359810422485051…39391739141363668481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.664 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26640719620844970102…78783478282727336959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.664 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
26640719620844970102…78783478282727336961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.328 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
53281439241689940205…57566956565454673919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,978,674 XPM·at block #6,841,786 · updates every 60s
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