Block #2,756,239

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/19/2018, 4:54:33 PM · Difficulty 11.6633 · 4,089,152 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
eb2c978c58a35a1584f140b1e149ba8e9cffe57b46c32b09dbe2dd43b203f776

Height

#2,756,239

Difficulty

11.663273

Transactions

7

Size

1.52 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba9cc41

Nonce

1,911,243,343

Timestamp

7/19/2018, 4:54:33 PM

Confirmations

4,089,152

Merkle Root

ef5ec5fe03f346517d892cdca7a6164fb19ce1c1c8fa864c4a729da9a3ac4911
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.878 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28789342072984342037…45266918796393511359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.878 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28789342072984342037…45266918796393511359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.878 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
28789342072984342037…45266918796393511361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.757 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
57578684145968684075…90533837592787022719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.757 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
57578684145968684075…90533837592787022721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.151 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11515736829193736815…81067675185574045439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.151 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
11515736829193736815…81067675185574045441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.303 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23031473658387473630…62135350371148090879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.303 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
23031473658387473630…62135350371148090881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.606 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46062947316774947260…24270700742296181759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.606 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
46062947316774947260…24270700742296181761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
9.212 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
92125894633549894520…48541401484592363519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,007,574 XPM·at block #6,845,390 · updates every 60s
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