Block #275,615

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 7:04:04 PM · Difficulty 9.9613 · 6,530,867 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
5d0a7ae2052a0ba9698f1109283a6bc6f81c9fe676f7567e1bb3a9181ea40688

Height

#275,615

Difficulty

9.961256

Transactions

12

Size

4.76 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f614e1

Nonce

9,469

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 7:04:04 PM

Confirmations

6,530,867

Merkle Root

447c9470dc122c7249184edca3c111f5603c274db1ac729defecaf30a4e5711a
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.634 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26346954682682658100…98481793750947670579
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.634 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26346954682682658100…98481793750947670579
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.634 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
26346954682682658100…98481793750947670581
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.269 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
52693909365365316200…96963587501895341159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.269 × 10¹⁰²(103-digit number)
52693909365365316200…96963587501895341161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.053 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10538781873073063240…93927175003790682319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.053 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
10538781873073063240…93927175003790682321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.107 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21077563746146126480…87854350007581364639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.107 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
21077563746146126480…87854350007581364641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.215 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
42155127492292252960…75708700015162729279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,695,949 XPM·at block #6,806,481 · updates every 60s
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