Block #2,753,142

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/17/2018, 3:43:47 PM · Difficulty 11.6533 · 4,084,564 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
8f034a4c2cbe614451026c992f1afdcca828d202cb4c6e71aaa46be411fa72ff

Height

#2,753,142

Difficulty

11.653284

Transactions

28

Size

8.71 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba73da4

Nonce

237,288,848

Timestamp

7/17/2018, 3:43:47 PM

Confirmations

4,084,564

Merkle Root

fefb96b226e1aeee5c108aef95b598e9723a13d04f681c3458b843d7fa0be321
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.217 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
22174468151075964565…03391552937830463399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.217 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
22174468151075964565…03391552937830463399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.217 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
22174468151075964565…03391552937830463401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.434 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
44348936302151929131…06783105875660926799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.434 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
44348936302151929131…06783105875660926801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.869 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
88697872604303858263…13566211751321853599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.869 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
88697872604303858263…13566211751321853601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.773 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17739574520860771652…27132423502643707199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.773 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
17739574520860771652…27132423502643707201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.547 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
35479149041721543305…54264847005287414399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.547 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
35479149041721543305…54264847005287414401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
7.095 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
70958298083443086610…08529694010574828799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,945,974 XPM·at block #6,837,705 · updates every 60s
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