Block #274,839

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 11:04:36 AM · Difficulty 9.9588 · 6,535,549 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
7876ed0add0de269104162e673b68fb5f311321d74608e23f96d100d85721a53

Height

#274,839

Difficulty

9.958839

Transactions

7

Size

1.63 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f57677

Nonce

7,622

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 11:04:36 AM

Confirmations

6,535,549

Merkle Root

c220f7ac37443e87e9addd58b797ec7c5672d46027b92da4760cf61fc54de0d7
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

4.332 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
43328821556933345907…69408431459127879359
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
4.332 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
43328821556933345907…69408431459127879359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
4.332 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
43328821556933345907…69408431459127879361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
8.665 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
86657643113866691815…38816862918255758719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
8.665 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
86657643113866691815…38816862918255758721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.733 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17331528622773338363…77633725836511517439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.733 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
17331528622773338363…77633725836511517441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
3.466 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
34663057245546676726…55267451673023034879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
3.466 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
34663057245546676726…55267451673023034881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
6.932 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
69326114491093353452…10534903346046069759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
6.932 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
69326114491093353452…10534903346046069761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,727,181 XPM·at block #6,810,387 · updates every 60s
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