Block #2,746,876

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/13/2018, 8:32:44 AM · Difficulty 11.6479 · 4,096,165 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
944ea52c73df232f3ec0ab224379350279d784ff2d3c0134c71b0ccdfc116e1a

Height

#2,746,876

Difficulty

11.647913

Transactions

6

Size

2.53 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba5dda5

Nonce

649,866,679

Timestamp

7/13/2018, 8:32:44 AM

Confirmations

4,096,165

Merkle Root

d361edea07ffd32168455d88f390b20776f058322bd2fa606f34b518a256685f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.540 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25403595407313984371…33855376760391750559
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.540 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25403595407313984371…33855376760391750559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.540 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
25403595407313984371…33855376760391750561
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
5.080 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50807190814627968743…67710753520783501119
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
5.080 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
50807190814627968743…67710753520783501121
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.016 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10161438162925593748…35421507041567002239
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.016 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
10161438162925593748…35421507041567002241
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20322876325851187497…70843014083134004479
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.032 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
20322876325851187497…70843014083134004481
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
4.064 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40645752651702374994…41686028166268008959
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
4.064 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
40645752651702374994…41686028166268008961
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
8.129 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
81291505303404749988…83372056332536017919
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,988,685 XPM·at block #6,843,040 · updates every 60s
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