Block #274,444

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 7:19:28 AM · Difficulty 9.9574 · 6,518,238 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0c6cba584847d1481094719d105d7ee3ca928dec3463ce717db913c06791de80

Height

#274,444

Difficulty

9.957448

Transactions

7

Size

1.74 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f51b54

Nonce

1,497

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 7:19:28 AM

Confirmations

6,518,238

Merkle Root

dd33c750ed205ea4aeea1a6513f0d5e838455b449d5f98d45405106622c17576
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.338 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13383898870860253320…17326592590465670399
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.338 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13383898870860253320…17326592590465670399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.338 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
13383898870860253320…17326592590465670401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.676 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
26767797741720506640…34653185180931340799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.676 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
26767797741720506640…34653185180931340801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.353 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
53535595483441013281…69306370361862681599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.353 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
53535595483441013281…69306370361862681601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.070 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
10707119096688202656…38612740723725363199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.070 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
10707119096688202656…38612740723725363201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.141 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
21414238193376405312…77225481447450726399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,585,430 XPM·at block #6,792,681 · updates every 60s
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