Block #274,215

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 4:55:40 AM · Difficulty 9.9567 · 6,524,350 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ff1eaef84f46aa1577a8646698ab8166104cf5701862d0e5ef2587f899424213

Height

#274,215

Difficulty

9.956724

Transactions

10

Size

9.72 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f4ebe4

Nonce

12,412

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 4:55:40 AM

Confirmations

6,524,350

Merkle Root

a1f21529859f77417154596a92eee5365b6d10a51fd4fd06bebd9f972db80068
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.813 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
18135733426712839893…95333683911777843199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.813 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
18135733426712839893…95333683911777843199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.813 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
18135733426712839893…95333683911777843201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.627 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
36271466853425679786…90667367823555686399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.627 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
36271466853425679786…90667367823555686401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
7.254 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
72542933706851359572…81334735647111372799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
7.254 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
72542933706851359572…81334735647111372801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.450 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
14508586741370271914…62669471294222745599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.450 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
14508586741370271914…62669471294222745601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.901 × 10¹⁰⁶(107-digit number)
29017173482740543828…25338942588445491199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,632,537 XPM·at block #6,798,564 · updates every 60s
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