Block #2,741,661

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/9/2018, 10:16:38 PM · Difficulty 11.6276 · 4,101,563 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e62f13360fdba2befb1f3676d78eafef38e12c58a10459cf0b7124b214d38c79

Height

#2,741,661

Difficulty

11.627621

Transactions

38

Size

10.30 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba0abc9

Nonce

1,241,900,617

Timestamp

7/9/2018, 10:16:38 PM

Confirmations

4,101,563

Merkle Root

bf196eec4133c36f8f9edd4acd9cafe4529cd08910770587c5eaa5e82a79a2b3
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.804 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78044385879062724789…56929556378340507519
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.804 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78044385879062724789…56929556378340507519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.804 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
78044385879062724789…56929556378340507521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.560 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15608877175812544957…13859112756681015039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.560 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
15608877175812544957…13859112756681015041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.121 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31217754351625089915…27718225513362030079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.121 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
31217754351625089915…27718225513362030081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.243 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62435508703250179831…55436451026724060159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.243 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
62435508703250179831…55436451026724060161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.248 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12487101740650035966…10872902053448120319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.248 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
12487101740650035966…10872902053448120321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.497 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
24974203481300071932…21745804106896240639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,990,166 XPM·at block #6,843,223 · updates every 60s
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