Block #2,741,378

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/9/2018, 5:48:17 PM · Difficulty 11.6266 · 4,097,199 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
2737ddeca17937a61b304263f2ed7370230bdbd9715a0a248be257ca9fec4019

Height

#2,741,378

Difficulty

11.626641

Transactions

9

Size

2.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba06b8f

Nonce

966,395,070

Timestamp

7/9/2018, 5:48:17 PM

Confirmations

4,097,199

Merkle Root

e3adb45a6db6500a6b678c998bb44c767a321f5fb54a0b4ea2a0700de9a0358c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

6.577 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65776942192719380762…49474758003100375039
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
6.577 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65776942192719380762…49474758003100375039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
6.577 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
65776942192719380762…49474758003100375041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.315 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13155388438543876152…98949516006200750079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.315 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13155388438543876152…98949516006200750081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26310776877087752304…97899032012401500159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.631 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
26310776877087752304…97899032012401500161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.262 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52621553754175504609…95798064024803000319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.262 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
52621553754175504609…95798064024803000321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.052 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10524310750835100921…91596128049606000639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.052 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
10524310750835100921…91596128049606000641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.104 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
21048621501670201843…83192256099212001279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,952,902 XPM·at block #6,838,576 · updates every 60s
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