Block #274,064

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 3:21:22 AM · Difficulty 9.9562 · 6,518,799 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
f238ad019cda9032d91f3e0cb9ab4f5ff4bd6fe86adef309e4cd567b89357819

Height

#274,064

Difficulty

9.956237

Transactions

11

Size

6.22 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f4cbef

Nonce

230,303

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 3:21:22 AM

Confirmations

6,518,799

Merkle Root

9282aea8bbf0b9684de079c2d55eb7bb425aa0eeeba2a5bd88e154c93b03aef2
Transactions (11)
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.246 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12463487545943392783…64934037908497715199
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.246 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12463487545943392783…64934037908497715199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.246 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
12463487545943392783…64934037908497715201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.492 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24926975091886785566…29868075816995430399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.492 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
24926975091886785566…29868075816995430401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.985 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49853950183773571133…59736151633990860799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.985 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
49853950183773571133…59736151633990860801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.970 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
99707900367547142266…19472303267981721599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.970 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
99707900367547142266…19472303267981721601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.994 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
19941580073509428453…38944606535963443199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,586,888 XPM·at block #6,792,862 · updates every 60s
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