Block #2,740,554

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/9/2018, 5:05:11 AM · Difficulty 11.6220 · 4,101,889 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
84f9736cdad4a9d6aa24fabee4a7f6e67a598b8b912962a3ab508fd407fbdde4

Height

#2,740,554

Difficulty

11.621966

Transactions

6

Size

2.05 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b9f3924

Nonce

762,548,833

Timestamp

7/9/2018, 5:05:11 AM

Confirmations

4,101,889

Merkle Root

16809476be507f6fc786a6249ca6694a3bf52efc1980be4add3dc3fc0b72933c
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.567 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15675312786466829938…50800723995117977599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.567 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15675312786466829938…50800723995117977599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.567 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
15675312786466829938…50800723995117977601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.135 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31350625572933659877…01601447990235955199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.135 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
31350625572933659877…01601447990235955201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.270 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
62701251145867319754…03202895980471910399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.270 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
62701251145867319754…03202895980471910401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.254 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12540250229173463950…06405791960943820799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.254 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
12540250229173463950…06405791960943820801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.508 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25080500458346927901…12811583921887641599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.508 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
25080500458346927901…12811583921887641601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
5.016 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
50161000916693855803…25623167843775283199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,983,960 XPM·at block #6,842,442 · updates every 60s
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