Block #274,021

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/26/2013, 2:48:20 AM · Difficulty 9.9562 · 6,520,630 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4c7c7a4f2170351848b648803bf176d6057d3317c35c92a14beca3c8002c00fc

Height

#274,021

Difficulty

9.956155

Transactions

9

Size

6.19 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f4c697

Nonce

5,992

Timestamp

11/26/2013, 2:48:20 AM

Confirmations

6,520,630

Merkle Root

c56e3d93d1a11d9da27ed539d4aa025369a7e088f72159afa63031f4d3971f9f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.444 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
24447840444024787843…61851411016922656679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.444 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
24447840444024787843…61851411016922656679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.444 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
24447840444024787843…61851411016922656681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.889 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
48895680888049575687…23702822033845313359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.889 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
48895680888049575687…23702822033845313361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
9.779 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
97791361776099151374…47405644067690626719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
9.779 × 10¹⁰³(104-digit number)
97791361776099151374…47405644067690626721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.955 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
19558272355219830274…94811288135381253439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.955 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
19558272355219830274…94811288135381253441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.911 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
39116544710439660549…89622576270762506879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,601,257 XPM·at block #6,794,650 · updates every 60s
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