Block #2,740,148

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/8/2018, 10:25:36 PM · Difficulty 11.6217 · 4,101,629 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
4ef53041538aa8c6798761359ff0827de42344be39c3ecc1a5bce3f48c1e8398

Height

#2,740,148

Difficulty

11.621678

Transactions

6

Size

1.87 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b9f2649

Nonce

29,617,746

Timestamp

7/8/2018, 10:25:36 PM

Confirmations

4,101,629

Merkle Root

1f42ff87549cea83902ebca872b2e16a13fdf771e8c0729e9a6f84b886daceef
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13994654447758045145…93444588085775687679
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13994654447758045145…93444588085775687679
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.399 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
13994654447758045145…93444588085775687681
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.798 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27989308895516090291…86889176171551375359
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.798 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
27989308895516090291…86889176171551375361
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
5.597 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55978617791032180583…73778352343102750719
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
5.597 × 10⁹⁷(98-digit number)
55978617791032180583…73778352343102750721
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.119 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11195723558206436116…47556704686205501439
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.119 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
11195723558206436116…47556704686205501441
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.239 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22391447116412872233…95113409372411002879
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
2.239 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
22391447116412872233…95113409372411002881
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
4.478 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
44782894232825744466…90226818744822005759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,978,592 XPM·at block #6,841,776 · updates every 60s
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