Block #2,739,974

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/8/2018, 7:38:51 PM · Difficulty 11.6209 · 4,105,723 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
ad154d60605f689db6168abc27d2cb054ff215799351f1e142eed2410d69a83e

Height

#2,739,974

Difficulty

11.620863

Transactions

18

Size

5.14 KB

Version

2

Bits

0b9ef0df

Nonce

978,070,886

Timestamp

7/8/2018, 7:38:51 PM

Confirmations

4,105,723

Merkle Root

9ac0c1c1d63c4babaa24e61677a742cab1fc84a1a909e5c4ef5e6c422c4d5389
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.147 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11477654013803615492…00952020198841964689
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.147 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11477654013803615492…00952020198841964689
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.147 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
11477654013803615492…00952020198841964691
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
2.295 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22955308027607230984…01904040397683929379
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
2.295 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
22955308027607230984…01904040397683929381
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
4.591 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
45910616055214461969…03808080795367858759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
4.591 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
45910616055214461969…03808080795367858761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
9.182 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91821232110428923938…07616161590735717519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
9.182 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
91821232110428923938…07616161590735717521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.836 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18364246422085784787…15232323181471435039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.836 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
18364246422085784787…15232323181471435041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
3.672 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
36728492844171569575…30464646362942870079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:58,010,033 XPM·at block #6,845,696 · updates every 60s
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