Block #273,007

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 2:09:10 PM · Difficulty 9.9538 · 6,538,139 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
866dcaf5d2e5338468a1246b0cee322807bcb509238efb120aaba550ce14af49

Height

#273,007

Difficulty

9.953825

Transactions

9

Size

4.82 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f42de1

Nonce

1,884

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 2:09:10 PM

Confirmations

6,538,139

Merkle Root

afba94341f0aa94292efea519c5753296ed665ae65e2f244fcd761f1d5fcc763
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

3.187 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
31873273220312634010…42732067826456969599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
3.187 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
31873273220312634010…42732067826456969599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
3.187 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
31873273220312634010…42732067826456969601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
6.374 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
63746546440625268021…85464135652913939199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
6.374 × 10¹⁰⁴(105-digit number)
63746546440625268021…85464135652913939201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
1.274 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12749309288125053604…70928271305827878399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
1.274 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
12749309288125053604…70928271305827878401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
2.549 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
25498618576250107208…41856542611655756799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
2.549 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
25498618576250107208…41856542611655756801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
5.099 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
50997237152500214417…83713085223311513599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
5.099 × 10¹⁰⁵(106-digit number)
50997237152500214417…83713085223311513601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,733,278 XPM·at block #6,811,145 · updates every 60s
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