Block #2,729,547

TWNLength 11★★★☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 7/1/2018, 12:09:45 PM · Difficulty 11.6283 · 4,112,358 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
603d38190878e400d710766951ceaeb50c62711972a5833664ee7f312c992d1b

Height

#2,729,547

Difficulty

11.628271

Transactions

7

Size

3.21 KB

Version

2

Bits

0ba0d662

Nonce

1,330,442,845

Timestamp

7/1/2018, 12:09:45 PM

Confirmations

4,112,358

Merkle Root

d2ccfcfdc448bb3ef79128b5127e74c8de9287029cb4822fb246ac69ea48f5ee
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

8.496 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
84964154212905779474…26589200324323441599
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
8.496 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
84964154212905779474…26589200324323441599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
8.496 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
84964154212905779474…26589200324323441601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.699 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16992830842581155894…53178400648646883199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.699 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
16992830842581155894…53178400648646883201
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
3.398 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33985661685162311789…06356801297293766399
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
3.398 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
33985661685162311789…06356801297293766401
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
6.797 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67971323370324623579…12713602594587532799
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
6.797 × 10⁹⁴(95-digit number)
67971323370324623579…12713602594587532801
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.359 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13594264674064924715…25427205189175065599
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
1.359 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
13594264674064924715…25427205189175065601
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 5 — Twin Prime Pair (2^5 × origin ± 1)
2^5 × origin − 1
2.718 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
27188529348129849431…50854410378350131199
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 11 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★★☆☆
Rarity
RareChain length 11

Approximately 1 in 1,000 blocks. Noteworthy discoveries.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,979,614 XPM·at block #6,841,904 · updates every 60s
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