Block #272,747

TWNLength 10★★☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 10:33:53 AM · Difficulty 9.9534 · 6,519,424 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
e93a40bb7386bd2a397b3dd532c8fd9ae49b2b50c8f1475cbacab0b24611547b

Height

#272,747

Difficulty

9.953432

Transactions

6

Size

3.18 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f4141d

Nonce

123,750

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 10:33:53 AM

Confirmations

6,519,424

Merkle Root

aef86aeb5ee33bcfc5beb40ee2dc953d08aedc31337b71dc3489778ff941ae4f
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

2.134 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21347475980897320977…96627914355712853759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
2.134 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21347475980897320977…96627914355712853759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
2.134 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
21347475980897320977…96627914355712853761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
4.269 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42694951961794641955…93255828711425707519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
4.269 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
42694951961794641955…93255828711425707521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
8.538 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85389903923589283911…86511657422851415039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
8.538 × 10⁹⁸(99-digit number)
85389903923589283911…86511657422851415041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.707 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17077980784717856782…73023314845702830079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.707 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
17077980784717856782…73023314845702830081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
3.415 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34155961569435713564…46046629691405660159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^4 × origin + 1
3.415 × 10⁹⁹(100-digit number)
34155961569435713564…46046629691405660161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^4 × origin + 1 − 2^4 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 10 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★★☆☆☆
Rarity
UncommonChain length 10

Roughly 1 in 100 blocks. Solid but expected in a healthy network.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,581,324 XPM·at block #6,792,170 · updates every 60s
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