Block #272,724

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 10:13:46 AM · Difficulty 9.9534 · 6,531,009 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
0ed79ad11a862729dacedf6e0e12296650774bc4616f0c4d46dc7600b5b3a469

Height

#272,724

Difficulty

9.953388

Transactions

8

Size

3.60 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f41144

Nonce

44,381

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 10:13:46 AM

Confirmations

6,531,009

Merkle Root

9daa30f598b8fd1715ef86c5b4fc0ea84eae06c78e9d3d5797aead9256ffafa8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

7.202 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
72020930464652798629…61712315489816533759
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
7.202 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
72020930464652798629…61712315489816533759
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
7.202 × 10⁹¹(92-digit number)
72020930464652798629…61712315489816533761
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
1.440 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
14404186092930559725…23424630979633067519
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
1.440 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
14404186092930559725…23424630979633067521
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
2.880 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
28808372185861119451…46849261959266135039
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
2.880 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
28808372185861119451…46849261959266135041
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
5.761 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
57616744371722238903…93698523918532270079
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
5.761 × 10⁹²(93-digit number)
57616744371722238903…93698523918532270081
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
1.152 × 10⁹³(94-digit number)
11523348874344447780…87397047837064540159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,673,900 XPM·at block #6,803,732 · updates every 60s
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