Block #272,698

TWNLength 9★☆☆☆☆

Bi-Twin Chain · Discovered 11/25/2013, 9:45:43 AM · Difficulty 9.9534 · 6,528,302 confirmations

TWN
Bi-Twin Chain

Interleaved pairs of primes that differ by 2, forming twin prime pairs at each level.

Block Header
Block Hash
315fc1c4132d3cd3f0b6be697514a43af37d844008dedf0664ae4d7fa74a7241

Height

#272,698

Difficulty

9.953402

Transactions

6

Size

37.01 KB

Version

2

Bits

09f41221

Nonce

98,155

Timestamp

11/25/2013, 9:45:43 AM

Confirmations

6,528,302

Merkle Root

cd43a0d9a7a9e323fa482c872eeec37ba520c94d3e32b538aac4fd9b2e3623e8
Prime Chain Origin

This is the prime chain origin stored in the block header. It is a composite number (not prime itself) — it equals the first prime in the chain multiplied by a primorial. The origin anchors the entire chain to this specific block.

1.736 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17369137506793530785…87648770266429035159
Discovered Prime Numbers
Lower: 2^k × origin − 1 | Upper: 2^k × origin + 1

These are the actual prime numbers discovered by this block, computed using the verified Primecoin formula. Each number has been independently confirmed to pass the Fermat primality test. Use the FactorDB links to verify any number independently.

Level 0 — Twin Prime Pair (origin ± 1)
origin − 1
1.736 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17369137506793530785…87648770266429035159
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
origin + 1
1.736 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
17369137506793530785…87648770266429035161
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: origin + 1 − origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 1 — Twin Prime Pair (2^1 × origin ± 1)
2^1 × origin − 1
3.473 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34738275013587061570…75297540532858070319
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^1 × origin + 1
3.473 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
34738275013587061570…75297540532858070321
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^1 × origin + 1 − 2^1 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 2 — Twin Prime Pair (2^2 × origin ± 1)
2^2 × origin − 1
6.947 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69476550027174123141…50595081065716140639
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^2 × origin + 1
6.947 × 10⁹⁵(96-digit number)
69476550027174123141…50595081065716140641
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^2 × origin + 1 − 2^2 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 3 — Twin Prime Pair (2^3 × origin ± 1)
2^3 × origin − 1
1.389 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13895310005434824628…01190162131432281279
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
2^3 × origin + 1
1.389 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
13895310005434824628…01190162131432281281
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗
Difference: 2^3 × origin + 1 − 2^3 × origin − 1 = 2 (twin primes ✓)
Level 4 — Twin Prime Pair (2^4 × origin ± 1)
2^4 × origin − 1
2.779 × 10⁹⁶(97-digit number)
27790620010869649256…02380324262864562559
Verify on FactorDB ↗Wolfram Alpha ↗

What this block proved

The miner who found this block proved the existence of 9 consecutive prime numbers forming a Bi-Twin Chain. The prime chain origin — the large number shown above — anchors the chain and is divisible by a primorial (the product of small primes), cryptographically tying these prime numbers to this specific block.

★☆☆☆☆
Rarity
CommonChain length 9

Found in most blocks. The baseline for Primecoin's proof-of-work.

How Primecoin's Proof-of-Work Constructs These Primes

Primecoin stores a value called the prime chain origin in each block. The miner found a large integer such that when divided by a primorial (the product of small primes: 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 × …), the result is the first prime in the chain. The origin is deliberately divisible by this primorial — that divisibility is part of the proof.

Prime Chain Origin = First Prime × Primorial (2·3·5·7·11·…)
Source: Primecoin prime.cpp — CheckPrimeProofOfWork()

This is why the origin has many small prime factors — those factors are the primorial divisor. The chain then extends from the first prime using the TWN formula:

TWN: twin pairs (p, p+2) where p = origin/primorial − 1 and p+2 = origin/primorial + 1
Circulating Supply:57,652,059 XPM·at block #6,800,999 · updates every 60s
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